Bound Morphemes Prefixes and Suffixes

A bound morpheme  is a  word element that cannot stand alone as a word, including both prefixes and suffixes. Free morphemes, by contrast, can stand alone as a word and cannot be broken down further into other word elements. Attaching a bound morpheme to a free morpheme, such as by adding the prefix re- to the verb start, creates a new word or at least a new form of a word, in this case, restart. Represented in sound and writing by word segments called morphs, bound morphemes can further be broken down into two categories, derivational and inflectional morphemes. Hundreds of bound morphemes exist in the English language, creating near-infinite possibilities for expanding unbound morphemes—commonly referred to as words—by attaching these elements to preexisting words.   Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphemes Inflectional morphemes influence the base words to signal a change in quantity, person, gender, or tense while leaving the base words class unchanged. Inflectional morphemes are considered more predictable because there are only eight in the closed set of accepted inflectional morphemes, which include the pluralizing -s, the possessive -s, the third-person singular -s, the regular past tense -ed, the regular past participle -ed, the present participle -ing, the comparative -er, and the superlative -est.   By contrast, derivational morphemes are considered lexical because they influence the base word according to its grammatical and lexical class, resulting in a larger change to the base. Derivational morphemes include suffixes like -ish, -ous, and -y, as well as prefixes like un-, im-, and re-. Often, these additions change the part of speech of the base word theyre modifying—though that is not necessarily always the case—which is why derivational morphemes are considered less predictable than inflectional morphemes. Forming Complex Words Bound morphemes attach to free morphemes to form new words, often with new meanings. Essentially, theres no limit to the number of bound morphemes you can attach to a base word to make a more complex word. For instance, misunderstanding is already a complex word formed from the base understand, wherein mis- and -ing are bound morphemes that are added to change both the meaning of understanding (mis- means not) and the verb tense (-ing makes the verb into a noun). In the same way, you could continue to add more bound morphemes to the beginning of the word to make it even more complex and once again alter its meaning, though this has the potential to result in a convoluted word thats hard to understand. Such is the case with words like antiestablishmentism, whose four bound morphemes change the original word establish, which means to form, into a word that now means the belief that systemic structures of power are implicitly wrong.

Should Smoking Be Public Places - 912 Words

The Debate about Smoking in Public Places Smoking cigarettes has been around for over two thousand years and is a debatable issue in the United States. The issue with public smoking is the controversy between banning it and not banning it. Many non-smokers view it as a harmful bad habit, while users view it as a choice that they are free to make. Opponents of banning smoking in public places feel that it is a choice and that it will take away their free will. â€Å"They argue that people should have the autonomy to decide on what kind of lifestyle they will have† (3). Banning public smoking may also decrease business at local bars, restaurants, etc. â€Å"†¦.as for establishments which are already smoke-free, competition will be higher. It will also be harder for them to leverage since there will be more businesses that are smoke-free† (3). Additionally, opponents say that non-smokers can walk away if it bothers them. If a person does not like being around smokers then they can simply move away from them or kindly ask the smoker to move. Some also argue that exhaust fumes are just as, if not more, harmful as cigarette smoke is. â€Å"Lastly, some critics contend that banning smoking in some places just leaves smokers no choice but to do it somewhere else. They mentioned that this can even lead to increase cases of DUI fatalities since smokers might drive to other places just so they can smoke† (3). Plenty of information exists to validate the concerns of the opposition of smoking inShow MoreRelatedShould Smoking Be Public Places?1055 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Smoking is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs.† -King James I, royalty. Picking up a cigarette, is equivalent to putting a limitation on life. Sadly, numerous people will perform this activity anywhere they are, even where there are signs that read â€Å"no smoking.† Prohibit smoking in public places due to the fact that it can affect others health, pregnancy, and even harm their own body. People should be more aware of the effects smoking has on everyone, not justRead MoreShould Smoking Be Public Places?1110 Words   |  5 Pages Will smoking be convenient in your life? Smoking is the rubbish commodity to buy, sell and to utilize it. Smoking nowadays is creating obstacles to non-smokers and in general pollution to the environment. Some people are habituated to smoking and is now have become a far- reaching issue. Due to smoking it will generate complications in the future. Smoking should be banned in public places. This includes it harms people nearby smokers, causes litter and people can be affected with long-term diseaseRead MoreShould Smoking Public Places?1854 Words   |  8 Pagesis cool, or if they do it then they will fit in with the group. Should the government allow smoking public places? Is the fact that some states allow people to smoke in public places influencing teens and other to start smoking? These are a few questions that many people ask when they think of this topic, along with the health of people who smoke regularly, the laws on smoking, and how much people spend on a stick of cancer. Smoking starts among teens because of peer pressure or thinking that itRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?941 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals get older they try to cope with the stresses of everyday life by continuing to smoking. It makes them feel more relaxed and at ease. Whatever the reason is, it is a hard habit to break once one starts. For many smokers today it is getting hard to find a place to smoke. Comedians joke about going to another planet just to light up. Smoking should be banned in public places because smoking is just as bad for nonsmokers as it is for smokers. The effects of secondhand smoke orRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?885 Words   |  4 Pagesday I walk into public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topicRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?950 Words   |  4 Pagesday I walk in to public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topicRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?864 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is one of the practices which is considered highly dangerous to our health because it impacts the smoker and the people around them. There are approximately one billion smokers. Smoking is a big issue that the nonsmoker faces. For example, when the smokers smoke in public places like restaurants, universities and other public places it hurts the non-smoker. The non-smoker breathing the cigarette, marijuana or hookah smoke from the smoker do both of them are breathing toxic chemicals. In aRead MoreSmoking Should be Banned in Public Places Essays1464 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warn ing on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancerRead MoreSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned Essay474 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned I feel very strongly that smoking in public places should be banned. I will list my reasons for my thinking below and explain why I think this. I cannot stand walking down a street behind someone who is smoking. Every time they exhale I then have to walk into a cloud of their smoke. My clothes smell, because they have been saturated with the smoke, it gets into my hair too. It also affects my health. It was found that sevenRead MoreEssay on Smoking In Public Places Should Be Banned463 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking In Public Places Should Be Banned There should be rules enforced for smoking in public places. Smokers just do not know the negative influence they are spreading. A puff of cigarette can harm a smokers health. When I go to a restaurant I do not like to leave smelling like smoke. It is the same going to a garbage dump, and smelling like garbage. I am not a smoker, and I cannot stand having the stench of smoke on my clothes. The smell of smoke is not harmful, but secondhand smoke is

Mythological Tricksters Free Essays

The trickster deity breaks the rules of the gods or nature, sometimes maliciously like Loki, but usually, albeit unintentionally with ultimately positive effects. Tricksters are characterized as selfish, mischievous, impatient liars who show no remorse. Some tricksters have hidden meanings behind their rudeness that carry good intentions. We will write a custom essay sample on Mythological Tricksters or any similar topic only for you Order Now All cultures have archetypal, male tricksters. In the Greek and African myths, Hermes and Legba are both messengers of god. Hermes, through is intelligence, makes a convincing appeal to Zeus who gives him the duties of â€Å"making of treaties, the promotion of commerce, and the maintenance of free rights of way for travelers on any road in the world† (165). Even though the myth started out with Apollo fiending to kill his cow-thief, Hermes trickery lands him a top position with the top dog Zeus. In the African myth, Legba was God’s donkey boy. He followed the orders of God and neither gained credit nor the respect of the people. When he finally revolted and turned to trickery, God, in his embarrassment, left the world but told Legba â€Å"come to the sky every night to give an account of what went on below,† making him an articulator of the divine (172). In the Indian and Native American myths, both tricksters possess selfish characteristics. The Indian myth, Krishna, tells of the girls of the Nanda village who are so obsessed with their Prince Krsna that they are blind to his trickery. One day the girls were worshipping their goddess Katyayani in the Kalindi (body of water) and their beloved prince robs them of their clothes. Krsna, after the girls devote themselves to him, tells them that â€Å"Since you swam in the water without clothes while you were under a vow, this was an insult to the divinity. Therefore you must fold your hands and place them on your heads and bow low in expiation of your sin, and then you may take your clothes† (168). The girls in their stupor did as he said and the pleased prince gave them their clothes before inviting them to spend their nights with him. Despite the prince’s selfish trickery, the girls obtained their â€Å"gorgeous prince† and the prince marveled in it every night. Similar to Krishna, Old Man Coyote gets to marvel at his young self every night. In the Native American myth, Old Man Coyote finds himself rotting away with age and wishing for a re-do. He comes across a young, strong, buffalo bull, who tells him he can make him young again, but there’s a catch, â€Å"You will look like a young strong buffalo, but you will still be Old Man Coyote inside. Don’t ever forget that† (170). The buffalo then proceeds to change the Old Man and before he knows it, he is a young, spring, buffalo calf all full of life. The Calf- Coyote enjoys the next four years of his life until he met a poor, old ragged coyote. The old coyote begged the Calf-Coyote to be â€Å"young and strong again,† and the Calf-Coyote remembering his second chance agrees. In his attempt to recreate what the buffalo did for him, he ends up returning to his former state. The Calf-Coyote, in his young state of mind, forgot that the buffalo did not transfer any of his powers reminding him not to â€Å"start anything unless you know you can finish it† (171). In most trickster myths, it works in their favor; however in this case, Old Man Coyote was not so lucky. Despite Old Man Coyotes good intentions, he failed, unlike Loki, who had bad intentions in the Norse (Icelandic) myth. Loki is known as a â€Å"contriver of fraud† who can shape shift into forms that benefit his terror. In the Norse myth, Loki disguises himself as an old woman and plots the death of Baldr. Just for fun, Loki tricks Baldur’s blind twin, Hod, into killing him with a spear made of mistletoe. Loki is known for bringing about chaos, but by challenging the gods he brings about change. Without Loki’s problem-causing influence, the gods would be blind to the problems around them. The tricksters who contribute to the chaos of the mythological world have heroes who try to defeat the trickery in their extraordinary godliness. Some of the characters of the hero myths were born great and some achieved greatness. Unlike the tricksters, heroes prove to their people that they are miraculous without using devious maneuvering. However unlike the heroes, tricksters are not born miraculously with the ability to walk, talk, or slay beasts like in the Bantu Myth, Lituolone. The tricksters and the heroes actions differ greatly, but their outcomes are similar for both have hidden meanings. Trickster tales maybe outrageous in their actions but they provide a crude humor that the hero myths cannot. How to cite Mythological Tricksters, Papers